{"id":6920,"date":"2022-04-21T10:40:09","date_gmt":"2022-04-21T08:40:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.plaqueandgo.com\/blog\/?p=6920"},"modified":"2022-06-09T14:13:30","modified_gmt":"2022-06-09T12:13:30","slug":"voiture-autonome","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.plaqueandgo.com\/blog\/voiture-autonome\/","title":{"rendered":"Voiture autonome\u00a0: c\u2019est quoi\u00a0?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Sans passagers et sans conducteurs, la police de San Francisco arr\u00eate une voiture autonome. En effet, celle-ci circulait de nuits sans phares allum\u00e9s. La sc\u00e8ne f\u00fbt film\u00e9e et diffus\u00e9e sur les R\u00e9seaux sociaux. Au-del\u00e0 de l\u2019anecdote amusante, la place et les enjeux de la voiture autonome m\u00e9rite d\u2019\u00eatre interrog\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u2019est quoi une voiture autonome ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La voiture autonome d\u00e9signe un v\u00e9hicule capable de rouler sans conducteur sur une route ouverte<\/a>. Il existe pourtant aujourd\u2019hui diff\u00e9rents niveaux d\u2019autonomie d\u2019un v\u00e9hicule.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au premier niveau, le conducteur b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d\u2019une assistance \u00e0 la conduite, comme un r\u00e9gulateur de vitesse ou un syst\u00e8me anti-blocage des roues. Cependant, c\u2019est le conducteur qui a le contr\u00f4le du v\u00e9hicule.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au deuxi\u00e8me niveau, le v\u00e9hicule est dot\u00e9 d\u2019un syst\u00e8me pouvant automatiser des t\u00e2ches. Le conducteur peut l\u00e2cher le volant des mains dans certaines situations, comme l\u2019aide au stationnement. Le conducteur doit \u00e0 tout moment pouvoir reprendre le contr\u00f4le de son v\u00e9hicule en cas de probl\u00e8me.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au troisi\u00e8me niveau, certaines phases de conduite sont totalement prises en charge par le syst\u00e8me de pilotage automatique de la voiture. A titre d\u2019exemple, la voiture peut doubler seule sur autoroute. Elle est \u00e9galement capable de garder les distances de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ou de d\u00e9c\u00e9l\u00e9rer d\u00e8s que la situation de conduite l\u2019impose.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au quatri\u00e8me niveau le conducteur se laisse piloter par le syst\u00e8me. Ceci n\u2019est possible que dans certaines conditions comme sur autoroute. En cas de probl\u00e8me, la voiture doit pouvoir continuer \u00e0 rouler toute seule et donc, sans interventions du conducteur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au cinqui\u00e8me niveau, la voiture est enti\u00e8rement autonome. Elle peut g\u00e9rer par elle-m\u00eame toutes les situations sans l’intervention d\u2019un conducteur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019IA au c\u0153ur du fonctionnement<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Les syst\u00e8mes d’Intelligence Artificielle ont appris \u00e0 pr\u00e9dire les meilleures trajectoires \u00e0 partir d\u2019immenses quantit\u00e9s de donn\u00e9es. Ils sont ensuite capables de les combiner \u00e0 des donn\u00e9es en temps r\u00e9els<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ainsi, le syst\u00e8me de d\u00e9tection d’une voiture autonome comprend des cam\u00e9ras vid\u00e9o, un lidar, un radar ultrasonore, des cam\u00e9ras \u00e0 360 degr\u00e9s\u2026. Tous ces capteurs embarqu\u00e9s lui permettent de mod\u00e9liser la route et des diff\u00e9rents obstacles. Ces syst\u00e8mes IA r\u00e9alisent ensuite des man\u0153uvres \u00e0 l’aide de servocommandes : direction, freinage, clignotants…Enfin la voiture autonome est capable de communiquer avec d\u2019autres v\u00e9hicules \u00e0 moteur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions autour de la Voiture Autonome<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Par ailleurs, les voitures autonomes soul\u00e8vent des questions \u00e9thiques et juridiques. En effet, nous nous accommodons de la chance ou de la malchance pour expliquer des accidents produits par des \u00eatres humains. Qu\u2019en sera-t-il pour des accidents caus\u00e9s par des choix anticip\u00e9s et th\u00e9oris\u00e9s en laboratoire ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les constructeurs de v\u00e9hicules autonomes admettent que c\u2019est la phase de transition, pendant laquelle des v\u00e9hicules autonomes circuleront sur nos routes entour\u00e9es de v\u00e9hicules conduits par des humains, qui sera la plus d\u00e9licate.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sans passagers et sans conducteurs, la police de San Francisco arr\u00eate une voiture autonome. En effet, celle-ci circulait de nuits sans phares allum\u00e9s. La sc\u00e8ne f\u00fbt film\u00e9e et diffus\u00e9e sur les<\/p>\n\t\t

\n\t\t\tLire la suite<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6921,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"no","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"yoast_head":"\n[Guide] Voiture autonome | Blog Plaque&Go<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Au c\u0153ur des enjeux de mobilit\u00e9, la voiture autonome sera-t-elle le v\u00e9hicule du futur ? 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